ABSTRACT
Background: Although hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens L. had Anticonvulsants effect on PTZ-induced kindling seizure behavior, but on the amygdala kindling in rats induced seizure has not been investigated
Objective: In this study, we evaluated the chronic effects of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens L. on seizures using electrical amygdala kindling model
Methods: Rats were divided into six groups. They were kindled by stimulating the amygdala by consecutive daily. Then, treated by hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens L. [i.p. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg] and Afterdischarge Duration [ADD], Stage 4 latency [S4L] and Stage 5 duration [S5D] were recorded
Results: Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens L. [200 and 400 mg/kg] significantly increased stage 4 latency compare to the control group [P <0.05]. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens L. [400 mg/kg] injection stage 5 duration caused by amygdala electrical kindling. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens L. [100, 200 and 400 mg/kg] injection significantly reduced ADD induced by amygdala kindling
Conclusion: The data showed that injection of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolens L. has anti-epileptic effect and increases the time required for amygdala kindling and may have anticonvulsant effects
ABSTRACT
Background: Cytisus scoparius is an ornamental and highly aromatic plant. The petals and stamens in aromatic plants are important allergenic agents. The aim of this study is examination study of allergenicity of petal and stamen in middle-aged ontogenical stage of Cytisus scoparius L. in guinea pig
Methology: In this experimental study, 9 guinea pigs from hartly stirps were randomly selected and divided into three equal groups. Plant extracts were prepared with 16% concentration and injected intraperitoneally to guinea pigs.The first group was considered as negative control [injected with phosphate buffered saline]. The second and the third groups received petal extract and petal + stamen extract respectively. In addition intraperitoneal injections within 4 weeks, once per week, subcutaneous injection was performed in the fifth week. Finally, a week after the last injection was taken blood sampling directly from the heart of animals, and the number of eosinophils, immunoglobulin E and blood sugar levels were measured in experimental groups and analyzed data
Results: Skin test [Created wheal diameter] and serological tests [levels of immunoglobulin E, eosinophils, and blood glucose] in both groups treated with Cytisus scoparius L. significantly increased compared to controls. Electrophoretic profiles was observed about 4 protein bands [2 light protein bands and 2 pale protein bands] in the range of 27 to 85 kD in the middle-aged petal and about 6 more specific protein bands in the range of 10 to 75 kD in middle-aged petal whit stamen proteins
Conclusion: The results showed that petal of ontogenical stage of middle-aged in Cytisus scoparius have allergenicity property and and this effect is exacerbated when they are together with stamens
ABSTRACT
Antiepileptic drugs can partiality control or achieve the convulsion. There are controversial issues about the use and effect of ethanol to control epileptic convulsion seizers. This study was done to determine the effect of ethanol on microvascular alterations in the brain cortex of epileptic mice treated by valporic acid [VPA]. In this experimental study, 36 BALB/c mice were allocated randomly into six groups including: 1-PTZ [Pentylenetetrazol], 2- Ethanol, 3- VPA+ PTZ, 4- ethanol + PTZ, 5-ethanol+ VPA+ PTZ and control groups. The animal brains were excluded and stained by Hematoxilin and eosin. Thirty-six optical microscopic field from each group were selected and microvascular count were determined. Immunohistochemical method was used for detection of injuries in the vascular brain tissue. Mean number of brain microvascular cortex significantly increaed in PTZ+ethanol and PTZ+ethanol+VPA groups in compare to controls [P<0.05]. Infiltration and thrombophlebitis were observed in vessels and cortical brain tissues in mice which received ethanol and PTZ. Proliferations in endothelial vascular cells were seen in PTZ and VPA+ethanol groups. Immunohistochemical method showed the endothelial cells of PTZ+ethanol groups were more stained in compare to the other experimental groups. Ethanol + PTZ cause cellular infiltration and damage to the cortical brain vessels although VPA reduces histological altheretions
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Microvessels , Cerebral Cortex , Epilepsy , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Valproic Acid , Brain , PentylenetetrazoleABSTRACT
Epilepsy has prevalence about 0.5 - 1% of world population. From many years ago, plants used to treat of various neurological diseases such as seizures. The anticonvulsant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum Sonbolii was examined in male mice. 60 mice were randomly divided into six groups [n=10], included: A control group [normal saline] and 5 groups receiving Sonbolii extract [150, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg/kg]. 30 min after peritoneal injection of different doses extract or saline, PTZ [85 mg/kg] were injected and the animal immediately transferred to a special cage, and the seizure behavior was evaluated within 30 minutes. The tonic and colonic seizures were significantly reduced in the groups that received extract compared to control group. The onsets of seizures were difference between treated and control animals statistically. Extract were reduced the rate of death during seizures and was prevented the outbreak of tonic - colonic seizures in some case. Our results showed that the extracts of Tanacetum Sonbolii have strong anticonvulsant effect, and more complementary studies will be done for identifying the mechanism of action and effective material of Sonbolii exact
ABSTRACT
Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat. In this experimental study, three groups of animals [18 rats], after stereotaxic surgery and 1-week recovery period, received twice daily kindling stimulations. In fully kindled animals of groups 1-3, minocycline was injected intraperitoneally in doses 12.5 [n = 7], 25 [n = 5] and 50 [n = 6] mg/kg, respectively, 60 minutes before stimulation. After discharge duration [ADD], stage 4 latency [S4L], Stage 5 Duration [S5D] and Seizure Duration [SD] were recorded and compared with related control groups [the same animals that had received saline 1 day before]. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to represent a significant difference. In fully kindled animals who had received minocycline [50 and 25 mg/kg], ADD decreased significantly. When minocycline was delivered, S5D decreased 38.3% [p < 0.001], 34% [p < 0.05], and 100% [p < 0.001] in 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg group animals, respectively. S4L and SD parameters respectively increased and decreased significantly only in group 50 mg/kg. According to the obtained results, it may be concluded that in fully kindled rats, application of minocycline has anticonvulsant effect on kindling model of epilepsy
ABSTRACT
Low-frequency stimulation [LFS] [< 5 Hz] is a suitable approach for treating seizures caused by epilepsy. Different patterns of LFS have different effects on epileptic seizures. Since no LFS pattern has so far been determined to have the best efficacy in seizure quenching, this study investigated the effect of 60-min application of LFS on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat. In this experimental study, two groups of animals [14 rats] received twice-daily kindling stimulations after stereotactic surgery and a 1-week recovery period. In group 1 [n=6], fully kindled animals received daily kindling stimulations for four days, while in group 2 [n=8], kindled animals received LFS [1 Hz, 0.1 ms pulse duration, ½ afterdischarge threshold intensity] four times [in 24-hour intervals] exactly before kindling stimulations. Afterdischarge duration [ADD], stage 2 latency [S2L], stage 4 latency [S4L], and stage 5 duration [S5D] were recorded and compared with related control groups [the same animals that had received only kindling stimulation]. Data was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test for within-group comparisons and Student's t-test for between-group comparisons. The first LFS application resulted in a significant increase of S2L and S4L by 91.5% [p < 0.05] and 79.5% [p < 0.01] compared with control group, respectively. Four-day consecutive LFS applications decreased S5D significantly, so that the first LFS application decreased S5D by 100% [p < 0.001]. In the first 2 days of LFS application, ADD decreased significantly by 46.9% and 40.4% [p < 0.05], respectively, relative to control. The results suggest that LFS application immediately before seizure initiation has anticonvulsant effects
ABSTRACT
Urinary catheterization is a common procedure in the care and treatment of hospitalized patients and bacteriuria is associated with complications and decreased quality of healthcare services. Applying any safe and cost benefit action to reduce or prevent it is of great importance which using the antiseptic solutions, is one of them. It seems that doing the procedure with clean method alike to sterile method is safe and using water is preferred to antiseptic solutions due to economical reasons, availability, and not having side effects. The present study was therefore conducted to compare the effects of water vs. povidone -iodine solution for periurethral cleaning prior to urinary catheterization on bacteriuria. A clinical trial study design was carried out with a sample of 60 hospitalized women drawn from gynecology unit of Shaheed Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. They were selected through random sampling, and were allocated in two groups. After registering the participants' demographic data, the urine culture samples were sent to laboratory. The samples with more than 10[3] bacteriuria were recognized and the microorganisms were recorded. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data. Overally, 18.3% of the participants had shown bacteriuria which was 20% using water and 16.7% using povidone -iodine solution. The difference between the groups wasn't significant [P=0.5]. The contributor microorganisms in water group were Stafilococco aureo [6.65%], escherichia coli [10%], Enterococcus [3.35%] and in povidone -iodine solution group were gram positive cocci [3.35%] estafilococo [3.35%], streptococ [3.35%] and escherichia coli [6.65%] which weren't significantly different [P=0.5]. The findings indicated that there were no significant differences between groups. It seemed that using povidone -iodine solution didn't reduce the rate of bacteriuria more than water. As applying water has no side effects and is more beneficial economically, it could be recommended for peri urethral cleaning prior to urinary catheterization in short term
ABSTRACT
It has been suggested that low frequency stimulation [LFS] exerts its inhibitory effect on epileptogenesis through adenosine receptors activation. In the present study, effect of different LFS frequencies on A1 and A2A receptors gene expression was investigated in perforant path kindled seizures. Animals were kindled by perforant path stimulation. Afterdischarges were recorded from the dentate gyrus. LFS [0.5, 1 and 5 Hz] was applied at the end of each kindling stimulation. On the 7th day, A1 and A2A receptors gene expression were evaluated in the dentate gyrus. Application of different LFS frequencies retarded the kindling acquisition. Also, it decreased the afterdischarge durations and behavioural seizure stages 4 and 5 significantly. LFS application prevented the kindling induced decrease in the A1 receptor gene expression. On the other hand, LFS attenuated the level of A2A receptor gene expression in the dentate gyrus. LFS had the most effect at the frequency of 5 Hz. It may be suggested that antiepileptogenic effects of LFS is mediated somehow through changes in the gene expression of adenosine A1 [which has inhibitory effects] and A2A [which has excitatory effects] receptors. These effects might be somehow frequency dependent